Dual Enrollment US History Practice Test

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• Which geographic extent best describes the Maya civilization?
• What were the main reasons chattel slavery replaced indentured servitude in the colonies?
• By the mid-1700s, why did colonial protests against English 'human refuse' not overwhelm the colonies?
• Which British general refused Washington's advice on how to handle irregular Indian warfare during the early campaign?
• Who authored Two Treatises of Civil Government in 1690, arguing that revolution is justified if a government violates fundamental rights?
• What occurred during the Boston Massacre?
• Who founded the Society of Friends?
• Which statement best explains why spices were highly valued in 1350?
• Fort Caroline, established in 1562, was built by which group and leader?
• In the Pequot War, which allied tribe aided the Puritans against the Pequots?
• The Aztecs' primary method to placate the sun god involved what practice?
• What is the consequence of cultures north of Central America having no writing system?
• Describe the process of black slavery becoming established in the British Colonies.
• Which two Adams were among the Massachusetts delegates at the Continental Congress in 1774?
• In Columbus's deal with the Spanish monarchs, who received the royal fifth?
• Who led the second circumnavigation of the globe from 1577 to 1580?
• Which event involved colonists dumping tea into Boston harbor and led Parliament to close Boston's port with harsh measures?
• Which organization served as an umbrella for local legislatures opposing the Crown?
• Sixteenth-century immigrants to the American colonies originated from which group of countries?
• Describe the ocean crossing for indentured servants and convicts.
• What factor contributed to Georgia's early struggles under Oglethorpe's leadership?
• What cash crop secured Virginia's economic viability after Rolfe's introduction?
• What additional role did the Continental Association serve?
• Which region of Europe was most receptive to Protestantism?
• Which sermon, delivered by Jonathan Edwards, is credited with launching the era of fire-and-brimstone preaching in colonial America?
• Why was wine prized?
• Following Drake's exploits, what major Spanish response occurred in 1588?
• The founding year of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, was in which year?
• Which language did the Greek-speaking church in Constantinople primarily use?
• Which Caribbean island is cited as an example of profitable sugar production influencing policy?
• Who coined the term 'Colombian Exchange'?
• What are the two ways of viewing the Coercive Acts?
• What is quipu?
• Did the Aztecs have a writing system?
• What was chartered in 1602 that had a big impact on the Netherlands?
• What are the basic rights of British subjects?
• When was the Massachusetts Bay colony founded?
• Which civilization is recognized as the earliest major civilization in Mesoamerica, often called the mother culture?
• Which crop is central to these early changes in Central America?
• The Middle Passage refers to the leg of the Atlantic slave trade that connected Africa with which region?
• Which plant did the Inca culture use that is known for its stimulant properties?
• Which statement about religious diversity in the colonies is most accurate?
• In Aztec society, how were their rulers viewed?
• How was Inca produce divided?
• What did the Proclamation of 1763 establish regarding settlement?
• What was Machu Picchu?
• The Jamestown population declined from about 144 to 38 due to:
• James Oglethorpe led the founding of which colony as a debtor refuge and buffer against Spanish Florida?
• Why did the Separatists not stay in Holland?
• The taxes imposed by the Townshend Acts were intended to pay for defense of the colonies.
• Mourning wars refer to which practice among North American natives?
• How did original maize (with at most ten kernels) develop into the modern corn we eat today?
• What was a primary motive for many sixteenth-century immigrants to leave Europe for the colonies?
• What does the term Great Awakening refer to?
• Poor's Holes were mass graves common in European cities during Columbus's time. What did they signify?
• According to Page Smith, how were felon-immigrants particularly susceptible to religious conversion in the mid-eighteenth century?
• On September 8, 1664, what happened?
• The encomienda system granted what in colonial Spanish America?
• Where was the Viking Village in Newfoundland?
• The name the Patriots gave the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act is?
• Which statement best describes William Penn's approach to Native American land purchases in founding Pennsylvania?
• What did the Continental Congress pledge regarding Parliament's right to tax the colonies?
• The Timucua were:
• Which statement describes the event most associated with the beginning of the European slave trade?
• What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?
• What does the term 'Black Gold' refer to in the context of the Atlantic slave trade?
• According to the material, conquering is described as a great way to gain what?
• Why did the population keep growing despite two strains of plague causing the Black Death?
• Which statement best describes Norse Vikings' non-raider activities?
• The mita labor tax was associated with which empire?
• What line, established by the Proclamation of 1763, restricted settlement west of the Appalachians?
• Who was placed in charge of the Dominion of New England and enforced customs and trade laws that led to unpopularity?
• Which environmental change occurred due to European presence in the Americas?
• Who controlled the nautical routes in the 1400s?
• Which statement best describes Puritan emphasis on literacy?
• Jesuits are members of which religious order?
• How many times did Columbus go back to Asia?
• In the context of colonial missionary activity, which statement best captures the Spanish approach?
• The Jamestown settlement was financed by which company's charter?
• Which Congress formed the Continental Association?
• Which Native American group inhabited the Jamestown area and interacted with the colonists?
• History is described as which of the following?
• When was the Aztec Empire at its height?
• Privateers were:
• Hatuey was a native cacique who opposed colonization on which island group?
• Chahokia was a large city that exemplifies which culture?
• What is a key difference between indentured servitude and chattel slavery?
• William Bradford led the Pilgrims who settled Plymouth. Which group did he lead?
• Henry the Navigator was a prince of which country, known for supporting early exploration to challenge established trade powers?
• Britain's victory in the French and Indian War led to what financial consequence influencing colonial policy?
• The 1637 Pequot War occurred in which region?
• How did Mayan culture manifest itself?
• England broke with the Catholic Church during which decade?
• Which preacher was a leading figure of the Great Awakening, known for extensive travels preaching across the colonies?
• Which of the following is not true of the Puritan Religion?
• Which event in 1622 led to conflict with Native Americans and the Powhatan alliance?
• What factor contributed to inter-tribal wars in the fur-trade era?
• Why was slavery less prevalent in the North than in the South?
• What was the Continental Association?
• The Dutch Republic was formed in 1581 from rogue Spanish provinces. Which of the following best describes the Dutch Republic's early political character?
• Durand is noted for describing what aspect of indentured servants' voyage to colonial America?
• Where did the Stamp Act Congress meet in 1765?
• Which act allowed the East India Company to dump its stockpile of tea on the American colonies?
• According to Nash, what is the relationship between slavery and racism?
• The Coercive Acts are commonly known by what alternative name?
• Which term describes a tax imposed on businesses, rather than directly on consumers?
• Which year marks the establishment of the Jamestown settlement?
• Which colony's name originated from Gilbert's patent?
• In the described period, who led the Latin-speaking church in Rome?
• What distinguishes the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church in this period?
• The natives of Hispaniola were required to deliver tribute every three months to the Spanish in the form of what?
• What was significant about the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
• Which city-state benefited the most from trade with the East during medieval times?
• The Crusades took place during which time frame?
• The Suffolk Resolves protested against which Acts?
• In 1441, which event marked the first kidnapping of Africans to Portugal?
• Why did Maine's path to statehood take longer than some other colonies?
• Which disease traveled from the New World back to Europe in the Columbian Exchange?
• Why couldn't Leif Erikson settle in Newfoundland?
• The French in North America established relations with Native peoples through which practice?
• Who was the first child born in the colonies?
• Colonists who supported the English government and wished to retain a colonial relationship with the mother country were known as what?
• What were vice-admiralty courts?
• What was a primary reason England delayed colonizing the New World?
• What was a heretic?
• Which statement best describes Samuel Adams?
• Cahokia is described as which of the following?
• How did the French interact w/ the environment?
• Has Inuit culture changed much in 20,000 years or more?
• What was the function of Clovis points?
• What is resource allocation?
• Who founded Lima, explored Panama, and helped defeat the Inca Empire?
• The concept of culture is best described as which?
• Most of the slaves shipped to English North America came from which part of Africa?
• Which term describes colonial supporters of Parliament during the conflict with Britain?
• Which statement about Columbus's measurement errors is true?
• The majority of enslaved Africans in early English North American colonies came from which general region?
• What is culture?
• Bartolomé de las Casas is best described as which of the following?
• What is the oldest permanent settlement in the New World?
• Which statement correctly describes a proposal in the Petition of Congress at the First Continental Congress?
• Which colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics by the Calverts?
• According to Islam, what is Mohammad's significance?
• Which feature characterizes the Great Awakening?
• According to Page Smith, what common characteristic did these early immigrants share?
• Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Navigation Acts?
• The growth of sugar plantations in the Atlantic world changed the labor system by increasing demand for what?
• What did the Boston Tea Party involve?
• Which region correctly identifies the core Middle Colonies?
• Which government official was responsible for enacting the Coercive Acts?
• The two charters were for Plymouth and London. Which pair of names correctly identifies the two companies?
• What did Spain used to consist of?
• The Coercive Acts consisted of four acts enacted in 1774 to punish Massachusetts. Which list includes all four acts?
• Saga? In Norse literature, what is a saga?
• Which territory was part of the Middle Colonies around 1700?
• When Columbus landed, he believed he had reached which place, prompting him to call the natives 'Indians'?
• Which statement best describes the advantages and disadvantages of England in the era?
• Which of the following items were introduced by Europeans to Native Americans?
• In the Peace of Paris (1763), which territory did England gain as part of the settlement?
• Which act imposed taxes on glass, tea, printer's supplies, and paper in the colonies to help pay for defense?
• What happened in 1492 that spurred Spain to explore further?
• Which explorer is associated with the legend of the Fountain of Youth and the discovery of Florida in 1513?
• What were Norse Vikings besides 'raiders'?
• John Winthrop is associated with which colony?
• To what extent did terrain influence Africa's cultural diversity during medieval times?
• Who oversaw the Restoration of the Monarchy and the creation of Restoration Colonies such as the Carolinas?
• Which 1688 event led to the overthrow of James II and established a constitutional framework limiting the monarchy in Britain?
• What is considered the Achilles heel of North American cultures?
• What was a major method of Spanish labor in the Americas?
• Who colonized the Chesapeake colonies?
• Virginia became a royal colony in which year?
• Who is often referred to as the father of the Baptists for founding Rhode Island?
• Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity?
• What are the birth and death years given for Thomas Jefferson?
• Who colonized New England?
• Which of the following was the Swedish contribution to America?
• What were the goals of Dutch colonizers?
• What was a common outcome for these immigrants in American society?
• The Peasant's War was driven by famine, poverty, high taxes, and the teachings of which reformer?
• How many Roanoke expeditions were there?
• What were the Crusades?
• What were the goals of French colonizers?
• From 1675-76 the colonial population rose from....
• During Pontiac's Rebellion, which tribes formed a coalition and attacked Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt?
• Which historian estimated that Hispaniola's population declined to 200,000?
• Colonists in America who remained loyal to Great Britain were called?
• Henry Hudson is known for exploring which area for the Dutch in 1609?
• Leif Erikson explored Vinland and returned to Iceland for what reason?
• The Chinampa were a form of agriculture primarily used in which city?
• Elmina Castle served primarily as what in West Africa?
• Waldseemüller was best known as what?
• In English colonies, how did the Chesapeake region differ from New England in settlement goals and society?
• What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion?
• Which English king reigned from 1625 to 1649 and was eventually executed?
• Chocolate popularized it?
• Which group resisted the Townshend Acts by boycotting taxed items?
• What similarity do Connecticut and Rhode Island share according to the material?
• Who translated the Bible into English in 1526?
• Which organization served as colonial extralegal shadow governments coordinating resistance and spreading news about British actions?
• What did the Currency Act of 1764 prohibit in the colonies?
• What monopoly did the pope hold in medieval Europe?
• Where did the Maya rise?
• Which Native American people built cliff dwellings that still exist today?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Pueblo culture?
• In 1521, which event occurred in the Americas?
• What lasting sentiment emerged between Muslims and Christians after the Crusades?
• What does Inca mean?
• Francis Drake was:
• What is another word for an Inuit?
• What was the Speedwell in the Mayflower voyage?
• The Inca were made up of two allied groups named what?
• Which colony was the target of the Coercive Acts?
• Which group faced increased persecution during the Crusades?
• Which description matches Cristobal Colon?
• Which factor helped lead to the Restoration of the monarchy after Cromwell's death?
• Wampum is best defined as?
• Which two kingdoms formed the core of pre-unification Spain?
• What did the Stamp Act of 1765 tax?
• Which region developed an economy heavily based on tobacco farming, driving labor demand?
• Could Hunter-gatherers have a large amount of elaborate possessions?
• What is the Royal African Company?
• How did women's roles change with the arrival of Europeans?
• On his first voyage, Columbus landed on San Salvador and which other island?
• The name America is derived from which explorer?
• How did convicted felons typically come to America in the colonial era?
• In the Dominion of New England, which official enforced the Navigation Acts and levied fees on land titles, provoking strong opposition?
• Which individual served as the Tory governor of Massachusetts who opposed boycotts and was recalled by Britain?
• What's another word for Aztec?
• The Enlightenment is best described as which of the following?
• In what year did the Spanish establish St Augustine?
• The Portuguese set the model for exploration by...
• Which material were Pueblo multistory houses built from?
• The Bill of Rights of 1689 established which constitutional principle?
• Which statement about Aztec writing is true?
• How did the Spanish interact w/ the environment?
• The Roanoke colony is known for what?
• Who were the Puritans?
• What were the Mississippian mounds primarily used for?
• Who was the chief god of the Aztecs?
• Which best describes the Suffolk Resolves?
• Which term describes a widespread colonial boycott of British goods?
• What was the unifying factor in Northern Africa?
• Which dates are associated with Cristobal Colon?
• What were the goals of Spanish colonizers?
• Which statement best describes the French colonial approach to Native peoples?
• The English Civil War of the 1640s ended with which outcome?
• How did the Jamestown colonists respond to Smith's authority?
• What is the Columbian Exchange?
• What was the Silk Road?
• Was American culture constant as Asians filtered down from Alaska?
• L'Anse aux Meadows is located in which country?
• Before the expansion of the European-African slave trade in the 15th century, slavery was characterized by which of the following?
• The early Jamestown colony faced deaths due to a combination of hazards. Which of the following contributed to early deaths?
• Huguenots were who?
• The oldest permanent settlement in the New World is Saint Augustine located in present-day which state?
• Which colonial group is noted for Jesuit missions that adapted to native cultures in their missionary approach?
• Why could Thomas Jefferson not attend the congress?
• Where were enslaved Africans commonly used in the early British Caribbean?
• Proprietary colonies were colonies granted by the king to whom?
• Which explorer guided the Jamestown settlement by leading the founding crew in 1607?
• Who inherited Gilbert's patent and named Virginia without ever setting foot there?
• Which statement about Cromwell's treatment of dissenters is true?
• The Suffolk Resolves were passed by which body?
• Nonconformists were Protestants who did not conform to which church?
• Who were the French's allies against the Iroquois in 1609?
• What does Pueblo mean?
• Which colony was founded by Puritans who sought a charter by telling Charles I they wanted a joint stock company in 1628? In 1630, 17 ships and over a thousand settlers; They took the charter with them to operate independently.
• Which was the first powerful people group in Mesoamerica?
• Which policy description best fits patroonships in New Netherland?
• Approximately how many people were killed in the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
• Which monarch attempted to model his reign after Louis XIV, centralize power, and married a Catholic wife, sparking concerns that contributed to the Glorious Revolution?
• Which settlement is widely recognized as the first Spanish settlement in North America?
• Who is Ruy Do Sequeira?
• Which region was reached by Portuguese explorers as part of the empire's early expansion?
• In 1763, which event reached its peak with the siege of Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt?
• Who founded Quebec and in what year?
• Who translated the Mayan language for the first time?
• The Bering Strait was formed as a result of which event?
• When did the Spanish establish Santa Fe?
• What statement best describes an indentured servant in colonial America?
• What did the Treaty of Easton stipulate regarding western settlement?
• In what year was the patent to settle Newfoundland granted?
• Compared to Europe in the 15th century, pre-contact Africa was more or less developed?
• Which country contributed Bowling and ice skating?
• In 1250s Europe, what trend is described?
• When was maize cultivated in Central America?
• Which civilization is considered the mother culture of Mesoamerica?
• Why did Mayan culture falter?
• In the view of the material, how did the Colombian Exchange make the world 'new'?
• In Constantinople, who led the Greek-speaking church?
• Which city underwent renaming as a result of the 1664 surrender?
• Philadelphia was known as the City of Brotherly Love; what controversial activity did it participate in?
• As the amount of resources increases, what happens to the power of those who control them?
• Which feature indicates Mississippian contact with distant civilizations?
• Which document encouraged colonial boycott of British goods by arguing taxation without representation was unconstitutional?
• What did the Quartering Act require in the American colonies?
• The Maryland colony's Catholics relied on what labor to support wealth and tolerance?
• Which group were the fiercest frontier warriors and allies of the British colonies?
• Which factor significantly aided Cortés in defeating the Aztecs?
• What are the two bookends of the Middle Ages?
• Which colony was established in 1628 after Puritans sought a charter by presenting a joint stock venture to Charles I?
• What was Beringia?
• Which factor contributed to violence and kidnapping in West Africa during the slave trade?
• Which explorer crossed the Isthmus of Panama to reach the Pacific Ocean in 1513?
• Oliver Cromwell served as what title in the 1650s?
• Even though Maryland was founded for Catholics, most Catholics wealthy status compelled them to...
• What is a musket described as?
• Which term refers to the Aztec people?
• Subsistence production is defined as producing what?
• Describe the feudal system.
• Abalone shells found at Mississippian sites suggest contact with which region?
• Who commanded the troops during the Boston Massacre?
• According to Stannard, the population of Hispaniola before decline was approximately how many?
• The conflict from 1754 to 1763, also called the Seven Years' War, is known in North America as which war?
• Beringia connected which regions?
• In feudal society, who provided defense for the land through knights?
• Which statement about the Massachusetts Bay Colony governance is accurate regarding its charter and migration?
• Who was the first group to develop a writing system in America?
• In the material, an artifact is described as which of the following?
• Jamestown was populated primarily by:
• Which philosopher's ideas about natural rights influenced the later American justification for independence?
• Approximately how many people perished in the Peasant's War of 1524?
• Redemptioners are best described as what?
• What happened to Restoration colonies like the Carolinas after their founding?
• What are the Three G's of Spanish Conquistadors?
• Which statement describes the size of Tenochtitlan relative to European cities?
• Which colony was described by its first governor as a 'city on a hill'?
• Which Dutch nobleman married Mary and became a monarch of England after the Glorious Revolution?
• Which region is home to the first African empire Ghana?
• In what year did Vermont gain statehood?
• Which group consisted of well-born British colonial women who led a non-importation movement?
• What was the purpose of indenture agreements?
• Powhatan is best described as what?
• Which city was renamed New York after being taken from the Dutch in the 1660s?
• What disease goes back to Europe in the exchange?
• Which term describes the medieval European peasantry bound to the land?
• What is subsistence?
• The principle that colonists needed representation in Parliament if taxed was first articulated in which resolution?
• Which group were the fiercest frontier warriors allied with the British colonies?
• What was the capital of the Mali empire?
• Which region's labor force moved from indentured servants to enslaved Africans by the late 17th century?
• Which civilization is associated with Altiplano and potatoes origin?
• Why is England unusually warm at high latitudes?
• Vinland refers to which region?
• What was the great factor on the side of the Europeans that they could in no way predict?
• A tax imposed on businesses, rather than directly on consumers is known as what?
• What were Black Codes?
• What was the Requerimiento?
• Why was there no mortar in Inca architecture?
• What natural event helped thwart the Spanish Armada's invasion in the English Channel?
• In which city did the Continental Congress convene in 1774?
• The Sugar Act prompted colonists to claim it violated which rights?
• Which set of motives best characterizes the rationale for many followers of the Crusades?
• Commodification is best described as what?
• What were maroon communities?
• The Cavaliers were best described as which group during the English Civil War?
• The Dutch East India Company was chartered to operate primarily in which region?
• What is a Hildalgo?
• During James II's reign, the birth of which type of heir intensified fears about Catholic influence?
• King Philip's War (1675–1677) is best described as which of the following?
• Which labor tax did the Inca implement that required communities to contribute labor to public works?
• In what year did Martin Luther nail his Ninety-Five Theses to the church door?
• Luther's Ninety-Five Theses primarily advocated which reforms?
• What was repartimiento in the Spanish colonial system?
• On each voyage across the Atlantic, approximately what percentage of enslaved people died due to horrendous conditions?
• In the Church of England, who serves as the head of the church?
• What is the Atlantic crossing of slaves to the Americas known as?
• What was a result of the Colombian Exchange?
• On his first voyage, Columbus landed on San Salvador and which of the following islands?
• Freemasons are best described as what?
• Which sports did the Olmec invent?
• Which colony is described as having the most religious freedom among its settlers in the period described?
• Who was probably the subject of the Olmec's giant head statues?
• Where did these protests against English high-handedness culminate, and what happened?
• Which term refers to the practice of granting land to settlers who could pay their own way to Virginia?
• How did the Aztecs appease their gods?
• Who first tried to claim lands for France and why did he fail?
• What best describes the Mackrons?
• In what year were the Townshend Acts enacted?
• Quipu were used by which civilization?
• When did the First Continental Congress meet and what did it declare?
• In 1774, delegates from all colonies except Georgia attended which assembly in Philadelphia?
• The growth in resources and control over them often leads to which social outcome?
• Which environmental impact is attributed to European presence in the New World?
• Which administrative region was created by grouping New York, New Jersey, and several New England colonies in the late 1680s?
• What was a consequence of the Gaspee affair?
• The Massachusetts Bay colony is part of which colonial region?
• Who is Gonclavez Antam?
• What was the culminating military victory of King George's War in North America?
• What is the signature of Mississippian culture?
• What were the Mayan rulers like?
• Which explorer was lost at sea while attempting to establish a colony in Newfoundland?
• Which two figures were major influences on the Age of Enlightenment due to their emphasis on human reason?
• Which colony did William Penn establish as a refuge for Quakers?
• What was a sociopolitical result of shifting from indentured servitude to chattel slavery?
• What is Captain John Smith best known for in the Jamestown settlement?
• Which language did the Latin-speaking church in Rome primarily use?
• Clovis points date around which time?
• The Suffolk Resolves described protest against which acts?
• Chasquis were associated with which civilization?
• William Byrd's diary shows what?
• What was the Inquisition?
• In 1763, which Indigenous-led uprising challenged British settlers in the Ohio country?
• What was formed when Beringia sank?
• Who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe, from 1519 to 1522?
• How far did the Portuguese empire extend?
• The term 'sea dogs' refers to which group involved in English efforts against Spanish colonies?
• What evidence do we have of Mississippian cultural contact?
• Why were Columbus's measurements off?
• What was the Mayflower Compact?
• The Black Legend refers to Spain's reputation as what?
• Which term best describes the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled farming communities?
• Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage contributed to Dutch claims to which area?
• The Treaty of Easton dealt primarily with relations between the British, colonists, and which group?
• Maya civilization faltered due to what combination of pressures?
• Headright system
• Which reformer is best known for criticizing indulgences and proposing early reforms in the 16th century?
• Pueblo culture was known for which combination of features?
• Which order took care to understand natives to convert them?
• Which description best fits the Dutch West India Company?
• Which colonial figure exemplified Enlightenment ideals and advocated for freedom of the press and resistance to tyranny?
• Which statement describes a typical purpose of indenture contracts in early Virginia?
• What was patroonship?
• Who founded Providence, Rhode Island, and later sought a license to govern the settlement?
• Who was the Commander-in-Chief of English forces in America who replaced Hutchinson as governor of Massachusetts and later saw redcoats encamped on the Boston Common?
• What was the French interest in America?
• What were the effects of the growth of the slave trade in Europe?
• Which group destroyed much of Aztec culture?
• In what year was the Dutch republic formed from rogue Spanish provinces?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Navigation Acts as described?
• According to historical accounts, which colonial group had the most success in converting Native Americans?
• Which tax is paid directly by consumers?
• What role did Jesuit missions play in French colonial strategy?
• Who reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, opening sea route to Asia?
• Who established a foothold in Africa for trade?
• What is noted as unique about Aztec human sacrifice?
• What was a primary motivation for New England colonists?
• What did the Declaratory Act declare after the Stamp Act repeal?
• How did the Pueblo attempt to maintain autonomy in the face of Spanish settlement?
• Roanoke expeditions were undertaken by which nation?
• In what year did the Suffolk Resolves pass?
• The Stono Rebellion resulted in what immediate consequence for the enslaved population?
• In medieval Catholic hierarchy, which role sat at the apex of authority?
• Which of the following were crucial points of Puritan faith?
• The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre occurred in 1572 and resulted in thousands of deaths. Which group was targeted?
• What was a key rationale behind William Penn's founding of Pennsylvania in 1681?
• Which civilization's name translates to "ruler"?
• Henry the Navigator's efforts were aimed at bypassing which dominant trading power?
• Which statement describes a consequence of the Agricultural Revolution?
• A Chinampa refers to which of the following?
• Bradford's Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in:
• Who wrote the Massachusetts Circular?
• The violence associated with Pontiac's Rebellion helped trigger which frontier group?
• What did the Massachusetts Circular petition advocate?
• The phrase 'Age of Reason' is most closely associated with which intellectual movement?
• What position did John Winthrop hold in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
• What destroyed Beringia?
• In 1616 John Smith
• Who were the first people to settle the Americas?
• What happened to the Gaspee in Rhode Island in 1772?
• What was the biggest, earliest change to culture?
• Restoration colonies were proprietary, meaning run by a proprietor. Which description best fits them?
• The Maya writing system is best described as using what form of writing?
• What is the Middle Passage?
• Which natural phenomenon shaped the geography of the land?
• Which term refers to the Inca labor system?
• Indenture
• Which statement best captures the earliest major cultural change?
• Which British statesman, whose name is associated with the city of Pittsburgh, argued that the American colonies were worth fighting for?
• Which statement describes the outcomes of the Peace of Paris in 1763?
• Which figure served as conservative, pro-English lieutenant governor and acting governor of Massachusetts, and was smeared by Adams?
• Did the Inca have a writing system?
• What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish?
• In what year did Captain John Smith depart Jamestown?
• Gottlieb Mittelberger is best known for providing what kind of account?
• Which statement best describes the early Chesapeake colonies?
• Which option best describes the Dutch contribution to sports?
• Which measures were part of the Townshend Acts of 1767?
• How did the Inca communicate over long distances?
• In what period did the Great Awakening occur?
• Which statement best describes Jefferson's participation described in the source?
• The Olmec civilization is associated with which region?
• Which empire is recognized as the first to rise in Africa?
• Which early clash involving George Washington led to his surrender at Fort Necessity and marked Britain's first use of regular troops in the colonies?
• What resource did the Olmec tap from trees?
• The city of the Aztecs was Tenochtitlan, founded in what year?
• From the 280's to 400's, what is happening?
• The founders of Plymouth were...
• Which native leader declared that if heaven was full of Spaniards, he'd prefer hell?
• What were the effects of the growth of the slave trade in Africa?
• What were the divisions of the Church at the time?
• The mita labor system was imposed by which civilization?
• Who are the descendants of Columbus's 'Indians'?
• How long were indentured servants and convicts bound to servitude upon arrival?
• First Proprietary colony
• Why did Beringia exist?
• Which civilization built a capital described as larger than any European city?
• Who was the governor who described his colony as a 'city on a hill'?
• Which document laid out the unconstitutionality of taxation without representation and urged colonies to boycott British goods?
• Which term refers to that package of measures known to the colonists as the Intolerable Acts?
• The name America is attributed to which explorer for recognizing that South America was not Asia?
• How much of Europe's population were serfs?
• Which trio of English explorers were noted for renewing exploration and colonization efforts in North America during Elizabeth I's era?
• Which of the following describes a joint stock company?
• What explains why many different cultures developed across Africa?
• The bankruptcy of the Virginia Company of Plymouth in 1620 was caused by a failed attempt to establish Fort St. George in Maine.
• The New World era sparked an explosion of which culture, producing Don Quixote?
• Why did the British colonies rely on enslaved labor?
• Who authored the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions?
• Who were the Paxton Boys?
• What was the ecological impact of introducing pigs to the landscape?
• What is Santa Fe's real name?
• What contributions did Inca culture make?
• How many Indians remained in Virginia by the mid-1660s?
• Elmina Castle is located in which country?
• Deism in the Enlightenment era referred to belief in what kind of deity?
• What did the Middle Ages bring?
• What was a consequence of seeking water routes to Asia?
• Mercantilism in colonial times held that wealth is fixed and colonies should operate for the benefit of the mother country; what practice did this philosophy promote?
• What describes the Dutch approach to neighbors and labor in their early colonies?
• Where did Columbus land on his voyage?
• Who wrote the 'Starving Time'?
• How would you describe Native American culture on the East Coast?
• What did Columbus's deal with the King and Queen of Spain include?
• Which statement best describes mercantilism?
• How did Europeans view African and American cultures according to the material?
• The 1741 New York Conspiracy Trials involved fears of a conspiracy by which groups?
• In what year did the Pueblo Revolt occur?
• The Great Awakening contributed to establishing new educational institutions to train ministers, including Harvard.
• Stannard estimates that the Hispaniola population declined to what number between 1492 and 1535?
• Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?
• Which statement about hunter-gatherers' possessions is accurate?
• Which group attacked Conestoga and killed six?
• What is the main difference between North American and South American Indian societies?
• According to Norse lore, Erik the Red sailed to Iceland in the 900s and settled which land?
• What was the organization that survived the collapse of Rome?
• Maize is another name for which crop?
• The Coercive Acts are also known as which name in colonial history?
• Which year range correctly identifies the French and Indian War?
• When did the English settle Jamestown?
• What term describes the punitive measures Parliament passed in response to the Boston Tea Party?
• Which statement best captures William Pitt's view of the American colonies during the war?
• Luther's Ninety-Five Theses helped ignite which historical movement?
• If indentured servants and convicts arrived safely, how did they enter American society?
• Who was blocking European access to Asia and riches?
• Which statement about William Penn is accurate?
• What did the Tea Act of 1773 accomplish?
• The Reconquista describes the driving out of Muslims from which area?
• Where are the potatoes native to?
• How did conditions in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England contribute to emigration to the colonies?
• What was the Reconquista?
• The Continental Association aimed to enforce a boycott throughout what area?
• What happened after the Pueblo Revolt?
• The patroonships were large tracts of land and governing rights granted to merchants by which organization?
• What happened in 1250's?
• Who paid for the ship's passage for indentured servants in colonial America?
• Mesa Verde is the site of what?
• Which description best captures the Sugar Act's changes?
• Which statement best describes the Olmec's achievements?
• Which term best describes colonists who were loyal to Great Britain?
• What impact did European muskets have on Native American power dynamics?
• Which explorer is credited with opening a sea route to Asia by rounding Africa's southern tip in 1488?
• Probanza de merito refers to what in the colonial era?
• Which religious group subscribed to John Calvin's teachings, emphasizing God's sovereignty and predestination?
• Which statement best describes the Puritan colonies in New England and their dates of establishment?
• Which group is described as English privateers used by Elizabeth I to challenge Spanish interests?
• How did European and Native American views on property differ?
• The expansion of the Atlantic slave trade was driven primarily by demand for which crop?
• What was a strategic goal of the Spanish in destroying Fort Caroline?
• Which group comprises the Sons of Liberty who opposed the Stamp Act?
• In which century did the European-African slave trade expand significantly?
• How did the religious expectations differ among the French, Dutch, and Spanish colonists?
• What was the result of forming villages and giving up the hunter-gatherer lifestyle?
• John Rolfe is best remembered for introducing what cash crop?
• Which institution survived the fall of Rome and maintained continuity?
• Which event involved an angry Boston mob at the Customs House, leading guards to fire into the crowd and kill five people?
• What was a notable outcome of the Crusades?
• What was the split between the eastern and western church called?
• Who wrote that Quzatli said he dreamed of the Europeans' arrival?
• Who ignited European imagination with wondrous tales of Asia?
• Which labor practice helped Chesapeake colonists attract workers to Virginia?
• What economic reason helped the Crown tolerate lax governance in the American colonies?
• What is the most likely reason the first people crossed from Asia to America?
• How expensive were spices in 1350?
• Bartolomé de las Casas transcribed the journals of which explorer?
• What was the first representative assembly in British North America?
• The Stono Rebellion of 1739 led to which regulation?
• What is a tax that consumers pay directly, rather than through higher prices?
• Which set reflects the Puritan colonies and their establishment in the 1630s?
• Under British imperial policy, the colonies were to be run by whom?
• What is the Middle Passage?
• What best describes a joint stock company?
• Which statement best describes the history of slavery across cultures?
• What term describes the period between kings in English history following the execution of Charles I?
• What were the goals of English colonizers?
• Calvinists' doctrine of predestination states that
• Who was the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and helped establish the General Court there?
• Which traveler sparked European imagination about Asia in the medieval era?
• Who was the founder of Rhode Island described as too radical for Puritans?
• Which war, fought 1754-1763, ended with Britain gaining Canada and all French possessions east of the Mississippi?
• Elizabeth's American policy emphasized which combination of actions?
• What claim about Jefferson's abilities is stated?
• In what years did Christian forces capture Jerusalem and later lose it to Islamic forces?
• The 'lost colony' refers to Roanoke, sanctioned in 1584 and lost in 1590. Where was Roanoke located?
• Where were Muslim forces decisively halted early in the medieval period, preventing further expansion into Western Europe?
• Which Dutch company focused on the Americas and was founded in 1621?
• Which city became a major center of trade and learning in West Africa during the Mali Empire era?
• Which couple were the monarchs installed after the Glorious Revolution, with the husband wielding substantial power?
• Who was the first king of Spain?
• What was an effect of the New World on Europe?
• How many American cultures had developed in 1492?
• Martin Luther is best described as which of the following?